Appearances, etc., may be in person, by recognized agent or by pleader
Full Text
Any appearance, application or act in or to any Court, required or authorized by law to be made or done by a party in such Court, may, except where otherwise expressly provided by any law for the time being in force, be made or done by the party in person, or by his recognized agent, or by a pleader appearing, applying or acting, as the case may be, on his behalf:
Provided that any such appearance shall, if the Court so directs, be made by the party in person.
Plain English Summary
Establishes the three lawful modes of representation in civil courts (in person, recognized agent, or pleader), while reserving the court's overriding prerogative to mandate personal attendance of the litigant.
Key Legal Elements
- Three Recognized Modes: (1) In person; (2) Recognized agent under Rule 2; or (3) Duly appointed pleader under Rule 4.
- Tripartite Scope: Covers appearing (being present), applying (filing motions/petitions), and acting (taking procedural steps).
- Court's Overriding Power: Proviso empowers the court to insist upon the litigant's personal appearance whenever necessary.
Practical Note
Courtroom Practice & Distinction between 'Acting' and 'Pleading': 1. Scope of Representation: A recognized agent can appear, apply, and act, but CANNOT plead or address arguments as an advocate (unless permitted under Section 32 Advocates Act, 1961). 2. Personal Attendance Orders: If the court directs personal appearance of a party (e.g., under Order X Rule 12 or Order III Rule 1 Proviso), appearance merely through an agent or pleader is non-compliance and invites adverse inference or coercive orders under Order IX.
हिंदी पाठ
किसी न्यायालय में या उसके समक्ष किसी पक्षकार द्वारा किसी विधि द्वारा अपेक्षित या प्राधिकृत कोई भी उपसंजाति (Appearance), आवेदन या कार्य, जहां तक तत्समय प्रवृत्त किसी विधि द्वारा अन्यथा अभिव्यक्त रूप से उपबंधित न हो, उस पक्षकार द्वारा स्वयं या उसके मान्यताप्राप्त अभिकर्ता (Recognized agent) द्वारा अथवा उसकी ओर से, यथास्थिति, उपसंजात होने वाले, आवेदन करने वाले या कार्य करने वाले प्लीडर द्वारा किया जा सकेगा:
परन्तु ऐसी कोई भी उपसंजाति, यदि न्यायालय ऐसा निर्देश दे, पक्षकार द्वारा स्वयं की जाएगी।