Claims by or against executor, administrator or heir
Full Text
No claim by or against an executor, administrator or heir, as such, shall be joined with claims by or against him personally, unless the last mentioned claims are alleged to arise with reference to the estate in respect of which the plaintiff or defendant sues or is sued as executor, administrator or heir, or are such as he was entitled to, or liable for, jointly with the deceased person whom he represents.
Plain English Summary
Prohibits mixing personal claims or liabilities with representative claims by or against an executor, administrator, or legal heir, preserving the distinct legal personality of the estate.
Key Legal Elements
- Separation of Capacities: Strictly segregates individual liability from representative liability.
- Estate Protection: Prevents execution against the representative's personal assets for claims concerning the deceased's estate.
- Exceptions: Joinder is permitted only if the personal claim directly touches the estate or was held jointly with the deceased.
Practical Note
Estate Litigation Guidance: 1. Pleading Precision: Plaint or Written Statement must scrupulously define the capacity in which the executor/heir is arrayed. Never confuse debts owed by the deceased with personal loans taken by the heir. 2. Defense Objection: If plaintiff sues an heir for a debt of the deceased and also for a separate personal loan in the same suit without bringing it under the exceptions, move an objection under Order II Rule 5 read with Rule 7.
हिंदी पाठ
निष्पादक, प्रशासक या वारिस के रूप में उसके द्वारा या उसके विरुद्ध किसी दावे को उसके द्वारा या उसके विरुद्ध व्यक्तिगत रूप से किए गए दावों के साथ संयोजित नहीं किया जाएगा, जब तक कि अंतिम वर्णित दावों के बारे में यह अभिकथित न हो कि वे उस संपदा के संदर्भ में उत्पन्न हुए हैं जिसके संबंध में वादी या प्रतिवादी निष्पादक, प्रशासक या वारिस के रूप में वाद लाता है या उस पर वाद लाया जाता है अथवा वे ऐसे दावे हैं जिनका वह उस मृत व्यक्ति के साथ संयुक्त रूप से हकदार था या दायी था जिसका वह प्रतिनिधित्व करता है।