Production of witnesses without summons
Full Text
Subject to the provisions of sub-rule (3) of rule 1, any party to the suit may, without applying for summons under rule 1, bring any witness to give evidence or to produce documents.
Plain English Summary
Enables any party to bring witnesses to court to depose or produce documents directly without obtaining court summonses, facilitating rapid evidence presentation.
Key Legal Elements
- Direct Witness Production: No formal court process or diet money deposit needed for willing private witnesses.
- Subject to Rule 1(3): If the witness's name was omitted from the original list, court leave must be taken before tendering their evidence.
- Expedites Evidence: Drastically cuts trial delays caused by unserved summonses.
Practical Note
Production Without Summons in Daily Practice: 1. Mange Ram v. Brij Mohan (1983) 4 SCC 36: The Supreme Court clarified that where a party produces its witnesses on its own without seeking court summons, the court cannot refuse to examine them merely because their names were omitted from the initial list, provided they are presented on the date fixed for evidence. 2. Courtroom Tactic: When friendly witnesses (e.g., family members, accountants, attesting witnesses) are ready to testify, avoid seeking summons; file their affidavit of evidence and bring them directly under Rule 1A to avoid process server delays.
हिंदी पाठ
नियम 1 के उप-नियम (3) के उपबंधों के अधीन रहते हुए, वाद का कोई भी पक्षकार, नियम 1 के अधीन समन के लिए आवेदन किए बिना, किसी भी साक्षी को साक्ष्य देने या दस्तावेज पेश करने के लिए ला सकेगा।