Style of foreign Rulers as parties to suits
Full Text
The Ruler of a foreign State may sue, and shall be sued, in the name of his State:
Provided that in giving the consent referred to in section 86, the Central Government may direct that the Ruler may be sued in the name of an agent or in any other name.
Plain English Summary
Section 87 mandates that the Ruler of a foreign State must sue and be sued in the official name of their State rather than personally, unless the Central Government directs otherwise when granting statutory consent under Section 86.
Key Legal Elements
- State Name as Title: A foreign Ruler may sue and shall be sued in the recognized sovereign name of the foreign State.
- Prohibition on Personal Titling: Insulates the person of the foreign Ruler from being named personally in civil pleadings.
- Proviso Exception via Consent Certificate: Central Government may authorize impleading an agent, ambassador, or trade entity in lieu of the State.
- Procedural Linkage with Section 86: Integrates the statutory consent mechanism with the format of the suit's cause title.
Practical Note
Pleading Titling & Misdescription Rectification: (1) Titling Convention: A suit involving a foreign sovereign must not be titled personally against the monarch or head of state (e.g., 'King X' or 'President Y'), but in the recognized name of the State (e.g., 'State of Kuwait' or 'Federal Republic of Germany'). (2) Defective Plaint & Order I Rule 10: If a plaintiff mistakenly names the foreign Ruler personally, the defect is formal rather than fatal; courts permit amendment of the cause title under Order I Rule 10 to reflect the proper statutory name of the State. (3) Executive Direction: In complex commercial or consular agency situations, the Central Government's Section 86 consent certificate may specifically permit impleading a trade commissioner, public enterprise, or local diplomatic agent instead.
हिंदी पाठ
किसी विदेशी राज्य का शासक अपने राज्य के नाम से वाद ला सकेगा और उसके विरुद्ध उसी नाम से वाद लाया जाएगा:
परन्तु यह तब कि धारा 86 में निर्दिष्ट सम्मति देते समय केंद्रीय सरकार यह निदेश दे सकेगी कि उस शासक के विरुद्ध किसी अभिकर्ता के नाम से या किसी अन्य नाम से वाद लाया जा सकेगा।