Orders from which appeal lies
Full Text
(1) An appeal shall lie from the following orders, and save as otherwise expressly provided in the body of this Code or by any law for the time being in force, from no other orders:—
(ff) an order under section 35A;
(ffa) an order under section 91 or section 92 refusing leave to institute a suit of the nature referred to in section 91 or section 92, as the case may be;
(g) an order under section 95;
(h) an order under any of the provisions of this Code imposing a fine or directing the arrest or detention in the civil prison of any person except where such arrest or detention is in execution of a decree;
(i) any order made under rules from which an appeal is expressly allowed by rules:
Provided that no appeal shall lie against any order specified in clause (ff) save on the ground that no order, or an order for the payment of a less amount, ought to have been made.
(2) No appeal shall lie from any order passed in appeal under this section.
Plain English Summary
Section 104 enumerates the specific interlocutory and miscellaneous orders from which an appeal is maintainable (including compensatory costs under Sec 35A, refusal of leave under Sec 91/92, Sec 95 compensation, fines/civil arrests, and orders under Order XLIII Rule 1), while strictly barring any second appeal from an appellate order.
Key Legal Elements
- Exhaustive List of Appealable Orders: Orders are non-appealable unless expressly enumerated in Section 104 or Order XLIII Rule 1.
- Compensatory Costs (Clause ff): Appeal against Section 35A orders limited to proving no order or lesser amount should have been made.
- Refusal of Public Leave (Clause ffa): Appeal against orders refusing leave to institute suits under Section 91 (public nuisance) or Section 92 (public charities).
- Fines and Civil Arrest (Clause h): Direct right of appeal against orders imposing fines or civil prison detention (other than in execution of a decree).
- Rule-Based Appeals (Clause i): Links substantively to the catalog of appealable interlocutory orders set out in Order XLIII Rule 1.
- Bar on Second Appeal from Orders (Sec 104(2)): An order passed by an appellate court under Section 104 is final; no second miscellaneous appeal is maintainable.
Practical Note
First Appeal from Orders (FAO), Order XLIII Practice & Sec 104(2) Absolute Bar: (1) Gateway to Order XLIII Rule 1: Section 104 is the substantive statutory parent for all First Appeals from Orders (FAOs / Miscellaneous Appeals). Clause (i) incorporates Order XLIII Rule 1 (e.g. Order IX Rule 13 rejection [cl. d], Order XXII abatement refusal [cl. k], Order XXXIX Rule 1 & 2 injunction orders [cl. r], Order XL receiver appointment [cl. s]). (2) Leave Refusal under Sec 91 & 92 (Clause ffa): Only an order *refusing* leave is appealable under Section 104(1)(ffa). An order *granting* leave is administrative/interlocutory and non-appealable under this section (remedy is revision under Section 115 or Article 227). (3) Absolute Bar on Second Appeal (Sec 104(2)): If the District Court decides an appeal against an injunction order of the trial court under Order XLIII Rule 1(r) read with Section 104, no second appeal lies to the High Court. The aggrieved party cannot invoke Section 100; their only available remedy is a civil revision petition under Section 115 (subject to jurisdictional error) or a supervisory writ petition under Article 227 of the Constitution (*Shyam Sunder Agarwal & Co. v. Union of India, 1996*).
हिंदी पाठ
(1) निम्नलिखित आदेशों की अपील होगी, और इस संहिता के मुख्य भाग में या तत्समय प्रवृत्त किसी विधि द्वारा जैसा अन्यथा अभिव्यक्त रूप से उपबंधित है उसके सिवाय, किन्हीं अन्य आदेशों की अपील नहीं होगी:—
(कक) धारा 35क के अधीन आदेश;
(ककक) धारा 91 या धारा 92 के अधीन यथास्थिति धारा 91 या धारा 92 में निर्दिष्ट प्रकृति का वाद संस्थित करने के लिए इजाजत (Leave) देने से इंकार करने वाला आदेश;
(ख) धारा 95 के अधीन आदेश;
(ग) इस संहिता के किन्हीं ऐसे उपबंधों के अधीन आदेश, जो जुर्माना अधिरोपित करते हैं या किसी व्यक्ति को सिविल कारागार में गिरफ्तार करने या निरुद्ध करने का निदेश देते हैं, सिवाय वहाँ के जहाँ ऐसी गिरफ्तारी या निरोध किसी डिक्री के निष्पादन में है;
(घ) नियमों के अधीन किया गया ऐसा कोई आदेश जिसकी अपील नियमों द्वारा अभिव्यक्त रूप से अनुज्ञात है:
परन्तु खंड (कक) में विनिर्दिष्ट किसी आदेश के विरुद्ध कोई अपील इस आधार के सिवाय नहीं होगी कि कोई आदेश नहीं किया जाना चाहिए था, अथवा कम रकम के संदाय के लिए आदेश किया जाना चाहिए था।
(2) इस धारा के अधीन अपील में पारित किसी आदेश की कोई अपील नहीं होगी।