Malice, knowledge, etc.
Full Text
Wherever it is material to allege malice, fradulent intention, knowledge or other condition of the mind of any person, it shall be sufficient to allege the same as a fact without setting out the circumstances from which the same is to be inferred.
Plain English Summary
Permits mental states—such as malice, fraudulent intention, or knowledge—to be alleged simply as facts without detailing the circumstantial evidence from which they are inferred.
Key Legal Elements
- Pleading Mental State: Malice or intent can be stated as a direct factual averment.
- Evidence Excluded: Circumstantial proofs showing how defendant harbored malice belong to trial evidence, not pleadings.
- Applicable in Malicious Prosecution: In malicious prosecution or libel, plead malice directly.
Practical Note
Malicious Prosecution Pleadings: In a suit for malicious prosecution, plead: 'The defendant lodged the false FIR maliciously and without reasonable and probable cause'. Do not plead all background family hostility in the plaint.
हिंदी पाठ
जहां कहीं किसी व्यक्ति के विद्वेष (Malice), कपटपूर्ण आशय, ज्ञान या मन की अन्य दशा का अभिकथन करना सारवान् हो वहां उन परिस्थितियों को, जिनसे उसका अनुमान लगाया जाना है, उपवर्णित किए बिना उसे एक तथ्य के रूप में अभिकथित करना पर्याप्त होगा।