Service where defendant resides out of India and has no agent
Full Text
Where the defendant resides out of India and has no agent in India empowered to accept service, the summons shall be addressed to the defendant at the place where he is residing and sent to him or by post or by such courier service as may be approved by the High Court, by fax message or by Electronic Mail service or by any other means as may be provided by the rules made by the High Court, if there is postal communication between such place and the place where the Court is situate: Provided that where any such defendant resides in Bangladesh or Pakistan, the summons, together with a copy thereof, may be sent for service on the defendant, to any Court in that country (not being the High Court) having jurisdiction in the place where the defendant resides: Provided further that where any such defendant is a public officer in Bangladesh or Pakistan or is a servant of a railway company or local authority in that country, the summons, together with a copy thereof, may be sent for service on the defendant, to such officer or authority in that country as the Central Government may by notification in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf.
Plain English Summary
Governs service of summons on non-resident defendants residing outside India who have no local agent, utilizing international postal/courier/electronic channels and specific bilateral judicial mechanisms for neighboring countries.
Key Legal Elements
- International Service: Addressed to defendant's overseas residence via registered post/courier/email.
- Condition Precedent: Defendant must reside out of India with no authorized local process agent in India.
- Hague Service Convention Synergy: Read in harmony with the Hague Convention on the Service Abroad of Judicial Documents (where applicable).
Practical Note
NRI & Cross-Border Litigation: 1. Electronic Transmission: Serving through verified official email under Rule 25 is increasingly accepted in commercial suits. 2. Ministry of Law & Justice Channel: For Hague Convention signatory nations, summonses are typically routed through the Ministry of Law and Justice (Department of Legal Affairs).
हिंदी पाठ
जहां प्रतिवादी भारत के बाहर निवास करता है और भारत में उसका कोई ऐसा अभिकर्ता नहीं है जो तामील स्वीकार करने के लिए सशक्त हो, वहां समन प्रतिवादी को उस स्थान पर जहां वह निवास कर रहा है, संबोधित किया जाएगा और यदि डाक संचार उपलब्ध है तो डाक, कूरियर, फैक्स या ई-मेल द्वारा भेजा जाएगा: परन्तु जहां ऐसा प्रतिवादी बांग्लादेश या पाकिस्तान में निवास करता है वहां समन उस देश के किसी ऐसे न्यायालय को भेजा जा सकेगा जिसकी अधिकारिता में प्रतिवादी निवास करता है: परन्तु यह और कि जहां प्रतिवादी बांग्लादेश या पाकिस्तान में कोई लोक अधिकारी या रेलवे/स्थानीय प्राधिकारी का सेवक है वहां केंद्र सरकार द्वारा अधिसूचित प्राधिकारी को भेजा जा सकेगा।