“Decree” defined
Full Text
In this Order, unless there is something repugnant in the subject or context, the expression “decree” shall include a final order.
Plain English Summary
Defines 'decree' for the purposes of Order XLV to include a final order, ensuring that final determinations of rights by the High Court are appealable to the Supreme Court under this Order.
Key Legal Elements
- Inclusion of Final Orders: 'Decree' is expanded beyond Section 2(2) CPC to encompass any 'final order' of the High Court.
- Test of Final Order: An order that finally disposes of the rights of the parties on the merits of the controversy.
- Constitutional Alignment: Harmonizes with Article 133(1) of the Constitution of India ('judgment, decree or final order').
Practical Note
Test of 'Final Order' for Supreme Court Appeals: 1. Distinction Between Interlocutory and Final Orders: In Jethanand and Sons v. State of U.P. (AIR 1961 SC 794) and V.M. Abdul Rahman v. D.K. Cassim and Sons (AIR 1933 PC 58), the courts held that an order is 'final' under Order 45 Rule 1 if it finally disposes of the rights of the parties in the suit. If the suit remains alive and rights are yet to be determined (e.g. an order of remand to try the suit afresh), it is interlocutory and does not qualify as a 'final order' for obtaining a certificate under Order XLV. 2. Remedy Against Interlocutory Orders: If an order is not a final order, the High Court cannot grant a certificate of fitness under Order XLV; the only constitutional avenue is a Special Leave Petition under Article 136 before the Supreme Court.
हिंदी पाठ
इस आदेश में, जब तक कि विषय या संदर्भ में कोई बात विरुद्ध न हो, “डिक्री” पद के अंतर्गत अंतिम आदेश (Final Order) भी शामिल होगा।