Power of Court to direct that the appeal be heard on the question formulated by it
Full Text
At the time of making an order under rule 11 of Order XLI for the hearing of a second appeal, the Court shall formulate the substantial question of law as required by section 100, and in doing so, the Court may direct that the second appeal be heard on the question so formulated and it shall not be open to the appellant to urge any other ground in the appeal without the leave of the Court, given in accordance with the provision of section 100.
Plain English Summary
Mandates that upon admitting a second appeal under Order XLI Rule 11, the High Court must formulate the substantial question of law under Section 100, confining the final hearing to that question unless leave is granted under Section 100(5) proviso.
Key Legal Elements
- Inserted by 1976 Amendment: Added alongside the overhaul of Section 100 CPC to eliminate frivolous second appeals.
- Formulation at Admission Stage: Court MUST formulate substantial question of law at the time of issuing notice under Order XLI Rule 11.
- Hearing Confined to Formulated Question: Appellant cannot argue outside the framed question as a matter of right.
- Leave for Additional Questions: Under Section 100(5) proviso, court retains power to hear other substantial questions of law upon recording reasons.
- Jurisdictional Sine Qua Non: Failure to formulate substantial questions of law renders a second appeal judgment null and void.
Practical Note
Formulation of Substantial Questions of Law — Jurisdictional Precondition: 1. Mandatory Jurisdictional Requirement: In Sir Chunilal V. Mehta & Sons Ltd. v. Century Spg. & Mfg. Co. Ltd. (AIR 1962 SC 1314), Santosh Hazari v. Purushottam Tiwari (2001) 3 SCC 179, and Hero Vinoth v. Seshammal (2006) 5 SCC 545, the Supreme Court authoritatively settled that the existence and formulation of a 'substantial question of law' is the foundational sine qua non for exercising jurisdiction in second appeal. A judgment rendered without formulating a substantial question of law under Section 100(4) and Order 42 Rule 2 is patently illegal and liable to be remanded back. 2. Leave to Urge Other Grounds (Section 100(5)): If at the final hearing stage the appellant wishes to raise another crucial legal ground that was not framed at admission, an application must be moved under Order 42 Rule 2 read with Section 100(5) proviso, demonstrating that the new question is a substantial question of law directly arising on the record.
हिंदी पाठ
द्वितीय अपील की सुनवाई के लिए आदेश 41 के नियम 11 के अधीन आदेश करने के समय, न्यायालय धारा 100 द्वारा अपेक्षित रूप में सारभूत विधि प्रश्न (Substantial Question of Law) विरचित करेगा, और ऐसा करने में, न्यायालय यह निदेश दे सकेगा कि द्वितीय अपील इस प्रकार विरचित प्रश्न पर सुनी जाए और अपीलार्थी के लिए धारा 100 के उपबंध के अनुसार दी गई न्यायालय की इजाजत के बिना अपील में किसी अन्य आधार पर दलील देना खुला नहीं होगा।