No agreement or compromise to be entered in a representative suit without leave of Court
Full Text
(1) No agreement or compromise in a representative suit shall be entered into without the leave of the Court expressly recorded in the proceedings; and any such agreement or compromise entered into without the leave of the Court as recorded shall be void.
(2) Before granting such leave, the Court shall give notice in such manner as it may think fit to such persons as may appear to it to be interested in the suit.
Explanation.—In this rule, “representative suit” means,—
(a) a suit under section 91 or section 92,
(b) a suit under rule 8 of Order I,
(c) a suit in which the manager of an undivided Hindu family sues or is sued as representing the other members of the family,
(d) any other suit in which the decree passed may, by virtue of the provisions of this Code or of any other law for the time being in force, bind any person who is not named as party to the suit.
Plain English Summary
Renders null and void any compromise entered into in a representative suit (public charity, Order I Rule 8, HUF, or suits binding unrepresented parties) without express court leave granted after public notice to interested persons.
Key Legal Elements
- Representative Suits Defined: Includes Sections 91/92, Order I Rule 8, HUF manager suits, and binding class actions.
- Mandatory Express Court Leave: Compromise entered without judicial sanction is void ab initio.
- Mandatory Public Notice (Sub-rule 2): Notice to all interested class members before court accords sanction.
- Protects Absent Beneficiaries: Prevents named representatives from selling out community/family interests.
Practical Note
Voidness of Clandestine Class Settlements: Where the Karta of an HUF or named representatives in an Order I Rule 8 public suit settle the action behind the backs of the members, the compromise decree is void ab initio under Rule 3B. Any affected member can challenge it directly for want of the mandatory Rule 3B notice and court leave.
हिंदी पाठ
(1) किसी प्रतिनिधि वाद (Representative suit) में कार्यवाहियों में अभिव्यक्त रूप से अभिलिखित न्यायालय की इजाजत के बिना कोई भी करार या समझौता नहीं किया जाएगा; और इस प्रकार अभिलिखित न्यायालय की इजाजत के बिना किया गया ऐसा कोई भी करार या समझौता शून्य (Void) होगा।
(2) ऐसी इजाजत देने से पूर्व, न्यायालय उन व्यक्तियों को जो वाद में हितबद्ध प्रतीत हों ऐसी रीति से सूचना देगा जैसी वह उचित समझे।
स्पष्टीकरण— इस नियम में “प्रतिनिधि वाद” से अभिप्रेत है—
(क) धारा 91 (लोक न्यूसेंस) या धारा 92 (सार्वजनिक न्यास) के अधीन वाद;
(ख) आदेश 1 के नियम 8 के अधीन वाद;
(ग) ऐसा वाद जिसमें अविभक्त हिन्दू परिवार का प्रबंधक (कर्ता) परिवार के अन्य सदस्यों का प्रतिनिधित्व करते हुए वाद लाता है या जिसके विरुद्ध वाद लाया जाता है;
(घ) ऐसा कोई अन्य वाद जिसमें पारित डिक्री किसी ऐसे व्यक्ति पर आबद्धकर हो सकती है जिसका नाम वाद में पक्षकार के रूप में नहीं है।