Decree for specific performance for restitution of conjugal rights, or for an injunction
Full Text
(1) Where the party against whom a decree for the specific performance of a contract, or for restitution of conjugal rights, or for an injunction, has been passed, has had an opportunity of obeying the decree and has wilfully failed to obey it, the decree may be enforced in the case of a decree for restitution of conjugal rights by the attachment of his property or, in the case of a decree for the specific performance of a contract or for an injunction by his detention in the civil prison, or by the attachment of his property, or by both.
(2) Where the party against whom a decree for specific performance or for an injunction has been passed is a corporation, the decree may be enforced by the attachment of the property of the corporation or, with the leave of the Court, by the detention in the civil prison of the directors or other principal officers thereof, or by both attachment and detention.
(3) Where any attachment under sub-rule (1) or sub-rule (2) has remained in force for six months, if the judgment-debtor has not obeyed the decree and the decree-holder has applied to have the attached property sold, such property may be sold; and out of the proceeds the Court may award to the decree-holder such compensation as it thinks fit, and shall pay the balance (if any) to the judgment-debtor on his application.
(4) Where the judgment-debtor has obeyed the decree and paid all costs of executing the same which he is bound to pay, or where, at the end of six months from the date of the attachment no application to have the property sold has been made, or if made has been refused, the attachment shall cease.
(5) Where a decree for the specific performance of a contract or for an injunction has not been obeyed, the Court may, in lieu of or in addition to all or any of the processes aforesaid, direct that the act required to be done may be done so far as practicable by the decree-holder or some other person appointed by the Court, at the cost of the judgment-debtor, and upon the act being done the expenses incurred may be ascertained in such manner as the Court may direct and may be recovered as if they were included in the decree.
Explanation.—For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that the expression “the act required to be done” covers prohibitory as well as mandatory injunctions.
Illustration: A, a person of little substance, erects a building which renders uninhabitable a family mansion belonging to B. A, in spite of his detention in prison and the attachment of his property, declines to obey a decree obtained against him by B and directing him to remove the building. The Court is of opinion that no sum realizable by the sale of A's property would adequately compensate B for the depreciation in the value of his mansion. B may apply to the Court to remove the building and may recover the cost of such removal from A in the execution-proceedings.
Plain English Summary
Governs enforcement of decrees for specific performance, restitution of conjugal rights, and injunctions through civil detention, property attachment, or direct execution of required acts at the debtor's expense under Sub-rule (5). Prohibits civil imprisonment in restitution of conjugal rights.
Key Legal Elements
- Wilful Disobedience Prerequisite: Must prove debtor had opportunity and wilfully failed to comply.
- Conjugal Rights Exception: Civil detention strictly barred; only property attachment permissible.
- Corporate Liability (Sub-rule 2): Attachment of company assets + civil imprisonment of directors with court leave.
- Sub-rule (5) Direct Action: Court empowers decree-holder or commissioner to execute act at debtor's expense.
- Explanation on Injunctions: Expressly applies to both mandatory and prohibitory injunctions.
Practical Note
Enforcing Permanent Injunctions: 1. Landmark Ruling - Samee Khan v. Bindu Khan (1998) 7 SCC 59: The Supreme Court held that under Rule 32, a person violating an injunction (prohibitory or mandatory) can be detained in civil prison or his property attached. The remedies are not alternative but cumulative. 2. Sub-rule (5) Injunction Scope: The Explanation added by the 2002 amendment clarifies that if a judgment-debtor violates a prohibitory injunction (e.g., encroaching on land or putting up an illegal structure), the court under Rule 32(5) can appoint a Commissioner with police force to demolish the obstruction at the debtor's cost. 3. Landmark Authority: Kanwar Singh Saini v. High Court of Delhi (2012) 4 SCC 307.
हिंदी पाठ
(1) जहां वह पक्षकार, जिसके विरुद्ध किसी संविदा के विनिर्दिष्ट पालन की, या दाम्पत्य अधिकारों के प्रत्यस्थापन की, या किसी व्यादेश (Injunction) की डिक्री पारित की गई है, डिक्री का पालन करने का अवसर पा चुका है और उसका पालन करने में जानबूझकर असफल रहा है, वहां वह डिक्री दाम्पत्य अधिकारों के प्रत्यस्थापन की दशा में उसकी संपत्ति की कुर्की द्वारा, तथा संविदा के विनिर्दिष्ट पालन या व्यादेश की दशा में उसके सिविल कारागार में निरोध द्वारा, या संपत्ति की कुर्की द्वारा, अथवा दोनों द्वारा प्रवर्तित कराई जा सकेगी।
(2) निगम (Corporation) के विरुद्ध व्यादेश या विनिर्दिष्ट पालन की डिक्री निगम की संपत्ति की कुर्की तथा न्यायालय की इजाजत से उसके निदेशकों/प्रधान अधिकारियों के सिविल कारागार में निरोध द्वारा निष्पादित हो सकेगी।
(3) छह माह तक कुर्की रहने के पश्चात कुर्क संपत्ति बेचकर प्रतिकर दिलवाया जा सकेगा।
(4) अनुपालन होने पर छह माह बाद कुर्की समाप्त हो जाएगी।
(5) जहां संविदा के विनिर्दिष्ट पालन या व्यादेश की डिक्री का पालन नहीं हुआ है, वहां न्यायालय यह निदेश दे सकेगा कि अपेक्षित कार्य डिक्रीदार द्वारा या न्यायालय द्वारा नियुक्त किसी अन्य व्यक्ति द्वारा निर्णय-ऋणी के खर्चे पर किया जाए, और उपगत व्यय डिक्री की भांति वसूल किए जा सकेंगे।
स्पष्टीकरण— शंकाओं के निवारण के लिए घोषित किया जाता है कि पद “अपेक्षित कार्य” के अंतर्गत प्रतिषेधात्मक (Prohibitory) और आज्ञापक (Mandatory) दोनों प्रकार के व्यादेश आते हैं।