Materials from which issues may be framed
Full Text
The Court may frame the issues from all or any of the following materials:—
(a) allegations made on oath by the parties, or by any persons present on their behalf, or made by the pleaders of such parties;
(b) allegations made in the pleadings or in answers to interrogatories delivered in the suit;
(c) the contents of documents produced by either party.
Plain English Summary
Specifies the three evidentiary sources from which the court may frame issues: oral statements on oath under Order X, pleadings and answers to interrogatories under Order XI, and documentary evidence produced by parties.
Key Legal Elements
- Threefold Source Material: (a) Statements on oath; (b) Pleadings and interrogatories; (c) Documents produced under Order XIII.
- Broad Inquiry: Court is not strictly confined to the written plaint/WS; can look at Order X oral examination and admitted documents.
- Exclusion of Extraneous Matters: Court cannot frame issues from unpleaded oral assertions unsupported by record.
Practical Note
Courtroom Technique: When arguing at the stage of framing issues, refer the judge directly to: (1) specific paragraphs of plaint/WS; (2) answers to interrogatories; and (3) core clauses in agreements produced under Order XIII Rule 1.
हिंदी पाठ
न्यायालय निम्नलिखित सामग्रियों में से सभी या किसी से विवाद्यकों को विरचित कर सकेगा:—
(क) पक्षकारों द्वारा, अथवा उनकी ओर से उपस्थित किन्हीं व्यक्तियों द्वारा, अथवा ऐसे पक्षकारों के प्लीडरों द्वारा शपथ पर किए गए अभिकथन;
(ख) अभिवचनों में अथवा वाद में परिदत्त परिप्रश्नों (Interrogatories) के उत्तरों में किए गए अभिकथन;
(ग) दोनों में से किसी पक्षकार द्वारा प्रस्तुत दस्तावेजों की अंतर्वस्तु।