Section O10R3Procedural
Substance of examination to be written
Full Text
The substance of the examination shall be reduced to writing by the Judge, and shall form part of the record.
Plain English Summary
Requires the presiding judge to reduce the substance of the oral examination under Rule 2 to writing, making it a permanent part of the judicial record.
Key Legal Elements
- Judicial Note-Taking: The judge personally records the substance of statements made during examination.
- Part of Record: Forms an official judicial record binding on the examined party.
- Evidentiary Value: Statements recorded under this rule constitute substantive admissions under Sections 17, 18, and 21 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023).
Practical Note
Strategic Impact of Recorded Statements: What a party states under Order X Rule 3 is recorded directly by the judge and signed. Litigants cannot subsequently retract these statements as easily as pleadings. Advocates must thoroughly prepare clients regarding their core facts before presenting them in court on Order X dates.
हिंदी पाठ
परीक्षा का सार न्यायाधीश द्वारा लेखबद्ध किया जाएगा, और वह अभिलेख (Record) का भाग होगा।