Supplemental proceedings
Full Text
In order to prevent the ends of justice from being defeated the Court may, if it is so prescribed,—
(a) issue a warrant to arrest the defendant and bring him before the Court to show cause why he should not give security for his appearance, and if he fails to comply with any order for security commit him to the civil prison;
(b) direct the defendant to furnish security to produce any property belonging to him and to place the same at the disposal of the Court or order the attachment of any property;
(c) grant a temporary injunction and in case of disobedience commit the person guilty thereof to the civil prison and order that his property be attached and sold;
(d) appoint a receiver of any property and enforce the performance of his duties by attaching and selling his property;
(e) make such other interlocutory orders as may appear to the Court to be just and convenient.
Plain English Summary
Section 94 establishes the court's core supplemental and interlocutory powers to prevent the ends of justice from being defeated, anchoring arrest before judgment, attachment before judgment, temporary injunctions, appointment of receivers, and just interlocutory orders.
Key Legal Elements
- Core Objective: To prevent the ends of justice from being defeated during pendency of a suit.
- Arrest Before Judgment (Clause a): Warrant and security for appearance, with detention in civil prison on default (Order XXXVIII Rules 1–4).
- Attachment Before Judgment (Clause b): Direction to furnish security or attach defendant's property before decree (Order XXXVIII Rules 5–13).
- Temporary Injunction & Contempt (Clause c): Grant of interim injunction, civil prison detention, and property attachment for disobedience (Order XXXIX Rules 1–2A).
- Appointment of Receiver (Clause d): Interlocutory management of disputed property with enforcement against receiver defaults (Order XL).
- Broad Interlocutory Power (Clause e): Power to pass any other interlocutory order deemed just and convenient.
Punishment
Civil prison detention for failure to furnish security for appearance (Order 38 Rule 4) or disobedience of temporary injunction (Order 39 Rule 2A)
Practical Note
Parent Source of Interlocutory Powers & Procedural Orders: (1) Substantive Anchor for Orders XXXVIII, XXXIX & XL: Section 94 creates the substantive jurisdiction, while the First Schedule Orders prescribe the exact procedural mechanics ('if it is so prescribed'). (2) Inherent Powers Interplay (*Manohar Lal Chopra v. Rai Raja Seth Hiralal, 1962*): The Supreme Court held that the phrase 'if it is so prescribed' does not exhaust or shackle the court's inherent power under Section 151. Courts can issue temporary injunctions or interlocutory protections in exceptional circumstances even if a case does not fall strictly within the four corners of Order XXXIX, provided it is not in conflict with express statutory bars. (3) Enforcement of Injunctions (Order XXXIX Rule 2A): Disobedience of an injunction attracts civil imprisonment up to 3 months and property attachment up to 1 year under Order XXXIX Rule 2A.
हिंदी पाठ
न्याय के उद्देश्यों को विफल होने से रोकने के लिए न्यायालय, यदि ऐसा विहित किया गया हो,—
(क) प्रतिवादी को गिरफ्तार करने और उसे यह हेतुक (कारण) दर्शित करने के लिए न्यायालय के समक्ष उपस्थित करने का वारंट जारी कर सकेगा कि उसे अपनी उपसंजाति (उपस्थिति) के लिए प्रतिभूति क्यों नहीं देनी चाहिए, और यदि वह प्रतिभूति के किसी आदेश का अनुपालन करने में असफल रहता है तो उसे सिविल कारागार भेज सकेगा;
(ख) प्रतिवादी को यह निदेश दे सकेगा कि वह अपनी किसी संपत्ति को पेश करने और उसे न्यायालय के व्ययनाधीन (disposal) रखने के लिए प्रतिभूति दे अथवा किसी संपत्ति की कुर्की का आदेश दे सकेगा;
(ग) अस्थायी व्यादेश (Temporary Injunction) मंजूर कर सकेगा और उसकी अवज्ञा की दशा में ऐसे दोषी व्यक्ति को सिविल कारागार भेज सकेगा तथा आदेश दे सकेगा कि उसकी संपत्ति कुर्क की जाए और बेची जाए;
(घ) किसी संपत्ति का रिसीवर नियुक्त कर सकेगा और उसकी संपत्ति कुर्क करके और बेचकर उसके कर्तव्यों के पालन को प्रवर्तित करा सकेगा;
(ङ) ऐसे अन्य अंतर्वर्ती (interlocutory) आदेश कर सकेगा जो न्यायालय को न्यायसंगत और सुविधापूर्ण प्रतीत हों।