Questions to be determined by the Court executing decree
Full Text
(1) All questions arising between the parties to the suit in which the decree was passed, or their representatives, and relating to the execution, discharge or satisfaction of the decree, shall be determined by the Court executing the decree and not by a separate suit.
(3) Where a question arises as to whether any person is or is not the representative of a party, such question shall, for the purposes of this section, be determined by the Court.
Explanation I.—For the purposes of this section, a plaintiff whose suit has been dismissed and a defendant against whom a suit has been dismissed are parties to the suit.
Explanation II.—(a) For the purposes of this section, a purchaser of property at a sale in execution of a decree shall be deemed to be a party to the suit in which the decree is passed; and
(b) all questions relating to the delivery of possession of such property to such purchaser or his representative shall be deemed to be questions relating to the execution, discharge or satisfaction of the decree within the meaning of this section.
Plain English Summary
Section 47 enacts the foundational single-window rule of execution, mandating that all disputes arising between the parties or their legal representatives relating to the execution, discharge, or satisfaction of a decree must be adjudicated exclusively by the executing court and strictly bars any separate civil suit. It expressly treats auction purchasers and dismissed parties as parties to the suit.
Key Legal Elements
- Exclusive Jurisdiction: Executing court has sole authority to decide execution, discharge, and satisfaction.
- Bar to Separate Suit: Complete statutory prohibition against filing fresh civil suits between the parties regarding decree satisfaction.
- Broad Scope of Parties: Includes dismissed plaintiffs/defendants (Expl. I) and court auction purchasers (Expl. II).
- Determination of Representatives (Sec 47(3)): Executing court empowered to conclusively decide whether a person is a legal representative.
Practical Note
Pivotal Bar Against Multiplicity of Litigation in Execution: (1) Dual Criteria: Dispute must be between parties (or representatives/auction purchasers) and relate directly to execution, discharge, or satisfaction. (2) Absolute Bar to Separate Suit: Any independent suit challenging execution, alleging satisfaction, or resisting possession is barred under Section 47 and rejected under Order VII Rule 11(d). (3) Executing Court Cannot Go Behind Decree: The court must execute the decree as it stands, unless it is a total nullity for inherent lack of subject-matter jurisdiction. (4) Revisional Remedy: Following the 1976 amendment removing Section 47 determinations from the definition of a 'decree' under Section 2(2), orders under Section 47 are no longer appealable, but subject exclusively to civil revision under Section 115 CPC or Article 227. (5) Auction Purchasers Protected: Delivery of possession to auction purchasers is adjudicated within execution under Explanation II.
हिंदी पाठ
(1) वे सब प्रश्न जो उस वाद के जिसमें डिक्री पारित की गई थी पक्षकारों के अथवा उनके प्रतिनिधियों के बीच पैदा होते हैं और जो डिक्री के निष्पादन, उन्मोचन (निबटारे) या तुष्टि से संबंधित हैं, डिक्री का निष्पादन करने वाले न्यायालय द्वारा अवधारित किए जाएंगे न कि पृथक् वाद द्वारा।
(3) जहां यह प्रश्न उठता है कि कोई व्यक्ति किसी पक्षकार का प्रतिनिधि है या नहीं, वहां ऐसा प्रश्न इस धारा के प्रयोजनों के लिए न्यायालय द्वारा अवधारित किया जाएगा।
स्पष्टीकरण I.—इस धारा के प्रयोजनों के लिए, वह वादी जिसका वाद खारिज कर दिया गया है और वह प्रतिवादी जिसके विरुद्ध वाद खारिज कर दिया गया है, वाद के पक्षकार हैं।
स्पष्टीकरण II.—(क) इस धारा के प्रयोजनों के लिए, किसी डिक्री के निष्पादन में विक्रय पर संपत्ति का क्रेता (नीलामी क्रेता) उस वाद का, जिसमें डिक्री पारित की गई है, एक पक्षकार समझा जाएगा; तथा
(ख) ऐसे क्रेता या उसके प्रतिनिधि को ऐसी संपत्ति के कब्जे के परिदान (डिलीवरी) से संबंधित सभी प्रश्न इस धारा के अर्थ के भीतर डिक्री के निष्पादन, उन्मोचन या तुष्टि से संबंधित प्रश्न समझे जाएंगे।