Service of summons where defendant resides in another State
Full Text
(1) A summons may be sent for service in another State to such Court and in such manner as may be prescribed by rules in force in that State.
(2) The Court to which such summons is sent shall, upon receipt thereof, proceed as if it had been issued by such Court and shall then return the summons to the Court of issue together with the record (if any) of its proceedings with regard thereto.
(3) Where the language of the summons sent for service in another State is different from the language of the record referred to in sub-section (2), a translation of the record,—
(a) in Hindi, where the language of the Court issuing the summons is Hindi, or
(b) in Hindi or English where the language of such record is other than Hindi or English,
shall also be sent together with the record sent under that sub-section.
Plain English Summary
Section 28 regulates the inter-state service of summons, permitting a court to transmit summons to a subordinate court in another State for service under that State's procedural rules, with a mandate to return the summons with endorsement of service and certified Hindi or English translations where court languages differ.
Key Legal Elements
- Inter-State Transmission: Summons sent to a designated court in another State following that State's local rules.
- Legal Fiction of Issuance: Transferee court executes service as if the summons originated from itself (Sec 28(2)).
- Return of Record: Transferee court returns summons with proof/endorsement of service to the issuing court.
- Bilingual Translation Mandate: Certified Hindi or English translation required if regional languages differ between States (Sec 28(3)).
Practical Note
Inter-state process serving mechanics: (1) Transferee Court Mechanism: Summons sent to the local District Court/Civil Court of the destination State are executed by its process serving agency (Nazarat) as if originally issued by itself. (2) Translation Obligation (Sec 28(3)): If service endorsements or process server statements are recorded in a regional language differing from the originating court's language, a certified translation into Hindi or English must accompany the return of process. (3) Direct Postal Alternative: In modern civil practice, advocates frequently prefer simultaneous direct service under Order V Rule 9 / Rule 21 via registered post AD or speed post to prevent delays.
हिंदी पाठ
(1) किसी अन्य राज्य में तामील के लिए समन उस राज्य में प्रवृत्त नियमों द्वारा विहित न्यायालय को और ऐसी रीति से भेजा जा सकेगा।
(2) वह न्यायालय जिसको ऐसा समन भेजा गया है, उसकी प्राप्ति पर ऐसे अग्रसर होगा मानो वह समन उसी न्यायालय द्वारा निकाला गया हो, और तब वह उस समन को उस न्यायालय को जिसने वह निकाला था, उसके संबंध में अपनी कार्यवाहियों के अभिलेख (यदि कोई हो) के साथ लौटा देगा।
(3) जहां किसी अन्य राज्य में तामील के लिए भेजे गए समन की भाषा उपधारा (2) में निर्दिष्ट अभिलेख की भाषा से भिन्न है, वहां उस अभिलेख का अनुवाद,—
(क) हिन्दी में, जहां समन निकालने वाले न्यायालय की भाषा हिन्दी है, अथवा
(ख) हिन्दी या अंग्रेजी में, जहां ऐसे अभिलेख की भाषा हिन्दी या अंग्रेजी से भिन्न है,
उस उपधारा के अधीन भेजे गए अभिलेख के साथ भी भेजा जाएगा।