Proceedings by or against representatives
Full Text
Save as otherwise provided by this Code or by any law for the time being in force, where any proceeding may be taken or application made by or against any person then the proceeding may be taken or the application may be made by or against any person claiming under him.
Plain English Summary
Section 146 facilitates procedural continuity and devolution of interest, enabling any person claiming under a party (such as transferees pendente lite, legal representatives, or assignees) to initiate or defend proceedings and maintain applications which the original party could have made.
Key Legal Elements
- Derivative Standing: Authorizes any person claiming under an original party to step into their procedural shoes.
- Bilateral Application: Applies equally to proceedings/applications made by or instituted against derivative claimants.
- Broad Scope: Covers transferees, legal representatives, executors, assignees, and purchasers pendente lite.
- Proviso/Savings Clause: Operates subject to express prohibitions in the Code or special substantive laws.
Practical Note
Rights of Transferees Pendente Lite & Legal Representatives (Order XXII Interplay): 1. Overcoming Procedural Lacunae: Section 146 was enacted to ensure that substantial justice is not defeated by technicalities when a party's interest devolves during or after litigation. As settled in Saila Bala Dassi v. Nirmala Sundari Dassi (AIR 1958 SC 394), the expression 'person claiming under him' is construed broadly to include assignees, purchasers pendente lite, and benamidars. 2. Appeals by Transferees: If a plaintiff or defendant transfers the suit property during trial and subsequently neglects or colludes not to prefer an appeal against an adverse decree, the transferee pendente lite can directly prefer an appeal under Section 96 read with Section 146 with leave of the appellate court, even if they were not formally impleaded under Order XXII Rule 10 in the trial court. 3. Execution by Representatives: A transferee of a decree can apply for execution under Section 146 read with Order XXI Rule 16.
हिंदी पाठ
इस संहिता द्वारा या तत्समय प्रवृत्त किसी अन्य विधि द्वारा जैसा अन्यथा उपबंधित है उसके सिवाय, जहां कोई कार्यवाही किसी व्यक्ति द्वारा या उसके विरुद्ध की जा सकती है अथवा कोई आवेदन किया जा सकता है, वहां वह कार्यवाही उसके अधीन दावा करने वाले किसी व्यक्ति (Person claiming under him) द्वारा या उसके विरुद्ध की जा सकेगी अथवा वह आवेदन किया जा सकेगा।