Burden of proving fact especially within knowledge
Full Text
When any fact is especially within the knowledge of any person, the burden of proving that fact is upon him.
Illustrations.
(a) When a person does an act with some intention other than that which the character and circumstances of the act suggest, the burden of proving that intention is upon him.
(b) A is charged with travelling on a railway without a ticket. The burden of proving that he had a ticket is on him.
Plain English Summary
A foundational rule that if only one person knows a fact (like having a ticket), they must prove it.
Key Legal Elements
- Fact especially within a person's knowledge
- Burden of proof on that specific person
- Relief from proving negative facts for the other party
- Practical application in licensing, permits, and intent
Practical Note
This is a crucial rule for efficiency. It prevents the prosecution from having to prove "negative facts" that are impossible to verify except by the accused.
हिंदी पाठ
विशेषतः ज्ञात तथ्य को साबित करने का भार।—जब कि कोई तथ्य विशेषतः किसी व्यक्ति के ज्ञान में है, तब उस तथ्य को साबित करने का भार उस पर है।
दृष्टान्त।
(क) जब कि कोई व्यक्ति कोई कार्य उस आशय से भिन्न किसी आशय से करता है जो उस कार्य के स्वरूप और परिस्थितियों से उपलक्षित है, तब उस आशय को साबित करने का भार उस पर है।
(ख) क पर बिना टिकट रेल में यात्रा करने का आरोप है। यह साबित करने का भार कि उसके पास टिकट था, उस पर है।